Similarly, increased levels of the stress hormone cortisol have been associated with both sadistic and masochistic, behaviors.
Additionally, the nature of the play elements driving the power exchange may be different, because some focus on role or power play, whereas others are more oriented toward pain play or may implement both aspects.
It has been touring since it opened in 2007.
Sandnabba and colleagues found that more than one-third had a university degree, with an additional 21% having a college degree.